Rwanda : Umubu utera malariya wubuye inkubiri

N’ubwo igihugu cyari cyaragaragaje intambwe ikomeye mu kurwanya malariya, ibimenyetso bishya byerekana ko umubu uyitera utaratsindwa burundu. Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (Rwanda Biomedical Centre – RBC) cyagaragaje ko mu myaka ishize umubare w’abarwara malariya wagabanutse cyane, ukagera hafi ku bantu 40 kuri buri bantu 1,000 mu mwaka wa 2023. Ariko muri 2024, hatangiye kugaragara izamuka ry’ubwandu bushya.

 U Rwanda rwari rwaragabanyije cyane abarwara malariya; kuva ku barenga miliyoni 4.8 mu 2016-2017 kugeza hafi ku 620,000 mu 2023-2024. Ariko ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana izamuka rya 45.8% mu 2024, bigaragaza ko malariya yongeye kuzamuka. Muri ibi bihe, ibikorwa byo gutera imiti yica imibu mu nzu (Indoor Residual Spraying – IRS) n’ibindi byo kwirinda ni ingenzi kurusha mbere.

Dr. Aimable Mbituyumuremyi, ukuriye gahunda yo kurwanya malariya muri RBC, aragira ati“Turi gukoresha gahunda ya IRS, ariko kandi dukangurira abaturage binyuze mu bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’imiryango ya sosiyete sivile kugira ngo barusheho kumenya no kwirinda indwara muri ibi bihe by’imvura bituma imibu yiyongera.” 

Yibutsa kandi ko “Ushobora kwandura malariya utagaragaza ibimenyetso ariko ukayanduza imibu, ikazayikwirakwiza ku bandi. Dusaba umuntu wese ufite umuriro, umutwe, kubabara mu ngingo cyangwa kuruka kwipimisha vuba. Hari n’igihe twasaba gupima n’abatagaragaza ibimenyetso kugira ngo dufashe gahunda yo kurandura malariya.”

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imiti itagikora, u Rwanda rwatangiye gukoresha indi mishya irimo dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine na artesunate-pyronaridine, iri kuboneka mu bigo nderabuzima no ku rwego rw’abajyanama b’ubuzima. 

“Dusaba abantu gukomeza gukoresha uburyo bwose bwo kwirinda burimo kuryama mu nzitiramibu, gusiga imiti mu nzu, gusenya ahororera imibu, gukoresha imiti irinda, no kujya kwa muganga hakiri kare mu gihe hari ibimenyetso.” 

Mu mujyi wa Kigali, Dr. Eric Niyongira yagize ati “Malariya izamuka cyane mu gihe cy’imvura, kandi ibimenyetso byayo bya mbere bikunze gusa n’iby’ibicurane birimo umuriro mwinshi, inkorora cyangwa ibyuya byinshi, kuribwa umutwe, kubabara mu ngingo no mu misokoro, kuribwa mu nda cyangwa kuruka. Ibyo bimenyetso bigaragara hagati y’iminsi 10–15 nyuma yo kurumwa n’imibu yanduye. Ababona ibyo bimenyetso ntibakwiye kubyirengagiza, ahubwo bagomba kwipimisha ako kanya.”

Avuga ko inzitiramubu irimo umuti n’iterwa  ry’imiti yica umubu mu nzu bikiri uburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda, kandi yongeraho ati“Amazi adatemba ni icyuho gikomeye cyo korora imibu. Tugomba kwirinda amazi adendeje mu byobo, mu mapine yashaje arambitse ahantu runaka, mu byo duterakamo indabo, gusiba imyobo y’amazi, no gutema ibihuru biri hafi y’inzu. Gushyira uturindamubu mu madirishya n’imiryango na byo bifasha kurinda imiryango ndetse n’abaturanyi.” 

Abacuruza imiti irinda imibu bavuga iki?

Mu Karere ka Gatsibo, umuhanga mu miti, Emmanuel Ntidendereza, aragira ati
“Hari imiti myinshi irinda imibu iboneka mu mafarumasi no mu maduka, nka Pico Spray, Doctor’s Gel, cyangwa Cock Electric Liquid ikoreshwa mu rugo. Pico Spray isigwa ku mubiri, Doctor’s Gel na yo ni amavuta asigwa arinda ubumara bw’imibu. Iyi miti ntisaba ‘ordonnance,’  ariko ni byiza kuyigura muri farumasi kuko ari ho haba ibicuruzwa byizewe, bitandukanye n’amaduka asanzwe ashobora kuba agurisha ibihangikano” 

Avuga n’ibiciro ati “Doctor’s Gel igura hafi 2,500 Frw, naho Pico Spray iri hagati ya 7,000 na 8,500 bitewe na farumasi. N’ubwo hari ababona bihenze, benshi barayigura, cyane cyane abifashisha Cock Electric mu rugo.”

 Yongeraho ati “Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri bifasha umubiri kurwanya mikorobe.”

Impamvu z’iri zamuka rya malariya

 Inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi zivuga ko hari impamvu nyinshi zisobanura iri zamuka zirimo kwiyongera kw’ahororokera imibu, imibu yamenyereye imiti iyica, imiti ya malariya idatanga umusaruro, kuba abantu batakiryama kare, cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwirinda bitageze kuri bose. 
Ubushakashatsi bushya bugaragaza ko “u Rwanda rwagabanyije cyane malariya hagati ya 2019 na 2023, ariko izamuka rya 45.8% mu 2024 ryerekana intege nke mu bikorwa.” 

U Rwanda rwabaye intangarugero mu kurwanya malariya. Ariko nk’umwanzi wihinduranya, iyo ndwara iragaruka mu buryo bushya. Nk’uko farumasiye Ngabitsinze Edouard abivuga ati “Gukomeza gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo inzitiramibu, gutera imiti mu nzu no kuvura neza ni ingenzi. Ariko hatabayeho uruhare rw’abaturage, ubugenzuzi buhamye n’uburyo bushya bwo guhangana n’uyu mubu, intsinzi ishobora kugorana. 
Ati“ Tugomba gukomereza aho tugeze, gukosora intege nke no guhuriza hamwe imbaraga z’ababishinzwe bose. Kuko inyuma y’uyu mwaduko w’umubu, hari umwana urwaye, umubyeyi uhagaritse umutima, ishuri rifunze.” 

Telesphore KABERUKA