Konsa neza,igisubizo kirambye mu kurwanya igwingira mu Rwanda

Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje urugamba rwo guhashya igwingira rikunze kugaragara mu bana bato, ubukangurambaga bwo konsa neza bwagaragajwe nk’intwaro ikomeye ishobora guhindura ishusho y’imikurire y’umwana no guteganya ejo hazaza h’igihugu. Ibi byagarutsweho mu birori byo kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe konsa ku rwego rw’igihugu byabereye mu murenge wa Matimba mu karere ka Nyagatare ku wa 07 Kanama 2025, aho ababyeyi, abayobozi n’abafatanyabikorwa bahuriye ku butumwa bumwe: “Konsa neza, ahazaza heza”.

Batamuriza Mireille, Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango ( MIGEPROF), wari umushyitsi mukuru yagaragaje ko konsa umwana neza ari uburenganzira bwe ndetse n’inshingano y’umuryango muri rusange. Ati “Konsa umwana neza bituma akura neza, bikamurinda indwara, bikongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri we, ndetse bikarushaho gushimangira ubumwe hagati y’umwana n’umubyeyi.”

PS Batamuriza yasobanuye uburyo konsa neza ari umusingi ukomeye mu kurwanya igwingira agira ati “Umwana wonse neza kuva avutse kugeza ku mezi 6 nta kindi ahawe, aba afite amahirwe menshi yo gukura neza no kutagira igwingira.” Yongeraho ko amashereka ari intungamubiri idasimburwa ku mwana muto kandi ko ikibazo cyo kutonsa gihangayikishije isi hose, kuko ngo ku rwego rw’isi, ababyei bonsa neza bagera kuri 38% gusa.

Akarere ka Nyagatare kagaragaye mu turere  tugifite ikibazo cy’igwingira ry’abana ariko kagenda gatera intambwe igaragara mu kurihashya. Nk’uko byagarutsweho na Murekatete Juliet, Visi Meya w’Akarere Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage, igwingira ry’abana mu karere ryari kuri 45% mu mwaka wa  2017, ariko mu mwaka wa 2025 rimaze kugabanuka rikaba rigeze kuri 26.7%. Ati “Nubwo iyi ari intambwe ishimishije, intego ni ukugera ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 15%.”

Uruhare rw’ababyeyi n’abafatanyabikorwa

Ubuhamya bw’ababyeyi baganariye na Family Magazine butanga ishusho y’ukuntu ubuyobozi bufasha abonsa gukomeza inshingano zabo.

Iradukunda Jacqueline, umwarimu muri G.S Matimba, yavuze ko ishuri rifite icyumba cy’umubyeyi, gishobora gukoreshwa mu konsa umwana inshuro zigera ku munani ku munsi. Iradukunda ati “Ibi bigaragaza ubushake bwa Leta yacu bwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’umwana n’umubyeyi kuko konsa bitagirira akamaro umwana gusa ahubwo binakagirira umubyeyi ndetse n’ahazaza h’igihugu muri rusange”.

 Naho Uwamahoro Lili (Amazina yahinduwe), umunyeshuri wabyaye akiri muto, ashima uburyo ishuri ryamufashije kwiga no kurera umwana atabangamiwe. Ati “ Ibi bigaragaza ko konsa umuntu afite akazi cyangwa ari ku masomo bidakwiye kuba imbogamizi iyo hari ubufasha buhagije.”

Impuguke zisobanura uburyo bwo konsa neza

Abahanga mu by’imyororokere n’ubuzima bw’umwana basobanura ko konsa neza atari ibintu umuntu aba asanzwe azi byanze bikunze, ko ahubwo bishobora kuba n’ubumenyi  umuntu yiga ku buryo buhoraho. La Leche League International (Umuryango mpuzamahanga ugamije gufasha no gukangurira ababyeyi konsa, binyuze mu gutanga ubufasha, inama zishingiye ku bumenyi, n’uburezi ku bijyanye n’imyororokere n’ubuzima bw’umwana) igira iti “Konsa biba muri kamere kandi ni ibintu bisanzwe, ariko na none ni n’ubumenyi bwigwa buhoraho.”

Ku bijyanye n’uko umwana afata amabere, urubuga rwa ‘Wikipedia’ rusobanura ko“Mu gihe umwana afashe amabere neza, imoko y’ibere iri mu kanwa ke  neza ngo “Ibi bituma amashereka ayoboka neza kandi bigatuma umubyeyi atagira ububabare mu gihe yonsa”.

Paula J. Norcott, inzobere mu konsa yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, yibutsa ko “Iyo habayeho ububabare mu gihe cyo konsa biba ari ibintu bidasanzwe, kandi ari ikimenyetso cy’uko hari ibigomba gukosorwa.” Akongeraho ko gufata ubufasha bw’inzobere mu konsa hakiri kare bifasha gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bworoshye.

Impuguke kandi zemeza ko uburyo umubyeyi n’umwana bicara ari ingenzi. The Breastfeeding Bond (urubuga rugamije gufasha ababyeyi kugira ubumenyi n’ubufasha bijyanye no konsa neza) ivuga ko “Uburyo bwiza bwo gufata amabere bujyana n’ukuntu umwana aba ari mu mwanya ukwiye, kandi afashe amabere neza, bikamufasha kubona amashereka neza bitabangamiye umubyeyi.”

Dr. Grantly Dick-Read, uzwi mu bikorwa byo guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umwana, akomeza yibutsa ko konsa ari umusingi w’ibanze ku buzima bwa mbere bw’umwana . Ati “Umwana ukivuka aba akeneye ibintu bitatu gusa ari byo ubushyuhe mu maboko ya nyina, amashereka mu ibere rye, n’umutekano wo kumva ko ari kumwe na we. Konsa bimuzanira ibyo byose.”

Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wo Konsa wizihizwa buri mwaka kuva mu 1992 kuva ku itariki ya 1 kugeza 7 kanama, wazanywe na “World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action” (WABA) mu rwego rwo gukangurira ababyeyi, abajyanama mu by’ubuzima n’imiryango guteza imbere konsa neza nk’umuti w’ingenzi mu kurwanya indwara no kugabanya igwingira mu bana, ndetse no gushyigikira uburenganzira bwa buri mwana bwo kubona amashereka ahagije. Uyu munsi ufasha kongera ubumenyi ku kamaro ka konsa umwana byonyine kugeza ku mezi 6 y’amavuko, bityo ukaba intambwe ikomeye mu guteza imbere ubuzima bw’abana n’ababyeyi ku isi hose, nk’uko bigaragara ku mbuga z’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima (WHO) n’Ishami  ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Bana (UNICEF).

Mu Rwanda, imibare y’Ubushakashatsi ku buzima n’imibereho by’abaturage (DHS 2020) yagaragaje ko igipimo cy’ababyeyi bonsa neza cyavuye kuri 87% muri 2015 kigera kuri 81%.

PS Batamuriza Mireille ati “Nk’uko insanganyamatsiko ibivuga: “Konsa neza, ahazaza heza,” ubu ni igihe cyo kongera uruhare rwa buri wese mu kubaka ejo hazaza h’igihugu cyacu binyuze mu kwita ku mikurire y’abana bato”.

Uyu muyobozi akaba asaba abagabo gufata iya mbere mu gushyigikira abagore, bakabarinda umunaniro n’umuhangayiko, bakabafasha mu mirimo y’urugo ndetse no mu rugendo rwo kwita ku mwana. Ati “Impano ya mbere umubyeyi aha umwana ni ukumwonsa neza.”

UWAMALIYA Mariette