Rwanda: Imiti yaciwe ku isoko itinda kurivaho, akaga ku buzima

Ahantu hatabonwa na buri wese, muri farumasi imwe yo mu murenge wa Nyakabuye, Akarere ka Rusizi mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba. Agakarito k’umuti w’amaso wa tetracycline wakozwe na Angel Biogenics Pvt Ltd, wakuwe ku isoko ku mugaragaro n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Imiti n’Ibiribwa (Rwanda FDA) umwaka ushize, gateretse kuri etajeri yo hasi gategereje abaguzi. Igiciro cyikubye kabiri. Ucuruza iyo miti, mu ibanga, yemera ko yabujijwe ariko agasobanura izamuka ry’igiciro nk’amafaranga y’akaga”. Ubucukumbuzi bwakorewe muri farumasi icumi zidandaza imiti bwagaragaje ko esheshatu zikomeza gucuruza imiti yaciwe mu gihe runaka, bikaba bishyira ubuzima bw’abayikoresha mu kaga ndetse bikagaragaza n’icyuho mu iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko.

Farumasi hagati y’igihombo n’amabwiriza

Amategeko ahari agaragaza ko iyo umuti ukuwe ku isoko, hatangwa ingurane cyangwa ikiguzi ku wari usigaye mu bubiko. Nyamara kuri farumasi zidandaza,guhabwa ibyo byemerwa n’amategeko biratinda cyangwa ntibibeho, bityo bene zo bagahura n’ikibazo cyo guhitamo hagati yo kubahiriza amabwiriza cyangwa kurengera igishoro. Amafarumasi manini y’imiti cyangwa ibigo bifitanye isano na leta bishobora kubahiriza ibisabwa, ariko amafarumasi aciriritse akenshi agorwa no guhangana no kwirinda igihombo.

Raporo za Rwanda FDA zigaragaza ko hagati ya 2023 na 2024, Rwanda FDA yahagaritse imiti 14 n’ibyiciro bibiri byihariye birimo icy’imiti yo mu maso ya tetracycline, bitewe n’impungenge ku mutekano n’ubuziranenge. Ni mu gihe hagati ya 2019 na 2023, imiti 106 yakuwe ku isoko. Izi gahunda zo gukura imiti ku isoko zagiye zigaruka ku bwoko butandukanye bw’imiti, aho 33% by’imiti yari ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima, 50% yari ifite ibibazo byoroheje, naho 26.4% yaciwe ku isoko kubera kwandura cyangwa kudahuza n’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge. Nyamara, hari amakuru macye ku bijyanye no kumenya niba cyangwa ryari abacuruzi b’imiti bahabwa ingurane. Bamwe bavuga ko igihe kirekire cyo gutegereza kibatera kugurisha  iyo miti mu buryo butemewe kugira ngo birinde guhomba.

Clementine Kaneza (izina ryahinduwe), impuguke mu by’imiti i Kigali, avuga ko nubwo hariho uburyo bugaragara bwo kwishyura abacuruzi b’imiti, gutinda kwabyo bituma batubahiriza amabwiriza.  Ati “Iyo hatabayeho kwishyurwa cyangwa guhabwa ingurane ku gihe, farumasi nto zihitamo gukomeza kugurisha imiti yabujijwe rwihishwa kugira ngo zibashe kubaho”.

Ibi ni na ko bibonwa na Maniragaba Jean de Dieu (ryahinduwe), ucuruza imiti mu mujyi wa Muhanga. Ati “Iyo Rwanda FDA ikuye umuti ku isoko, gusubizwa amafaranga cyangwa gusimbuzwa bifata igihe kirekire, bikagira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwacu. Ibyo bituma bamwe mu bacuruzi bakomeza kugurisha iyo miti rwihishwa.” Rwanda FDA yo igaragaza ko gutanga ingurane bikorwa ku isheni, buri wese agenda awusubiza aho yawukuye kugera ku ruganda rwawukoze.

“Ikiguzi cy’akaga”

Uretse kwirinda igihombo, zimwe muri farumasi zibona inyungu mu kugurisha imiti yabujijwe. Aho kuyisubiza, bamwe mu bacuruzi bayikura kuri za etajeri, bakayihisha ahatagaragara, bakazamura ibiciro kandi bakongeraho “ikiguzi cy’akaga” kubera ko baba bazi ko bari kurenga ku mategeko.

Umukozi wa farumasi wo mu karere ka Rusizi, wasabye ko amazina ye adatangazwa, yemeza ko hari ubwo agurisha imiti yakuwe ku isoko ku giciro cyo hejuru. “Ati “ Hari ubwo batangaza ko umuti ukuwe ku isoko tuwusigaranye ari muke cyane ku buryo utakwirirwa ubivuga kuko nta cyo wabona. Byibuze gutya mbasha kugaruza igice cy’ayo nashoye”.

Kaneza Clementine, wakoze no mu bugenzuzi bwa za farumasi henshi mu Rwanda ati “Biranagora gukurikirana uko imiti itangwa mu mafarumasi kubera ko abenshi mu bacuruzi batandika imiti isohotse ngo umugenzuzi abe yashobora guhita amenya isigaye ahereye ku yo baguze, nubwo ari itegeko mu mabwiriza agenga umwuga”.

Kutamenya amakuru n’urujijo ku baturage

Bamwe mu baturage ntibamenya ko imiti yakuwe ku isoko. Ibi bituma abayikoresheje mbere bakayibona ikora neza bakomeza kuyishaka aho babasha kuyibona batazi ko itacyemewe.

Mutamuliza Agnes, umuturage w’imyaka 45 wo mu murenge wa Cyeza mu karere ka Muhanga, avuga ko atigeze yumva inkuru ivuga ku ikurwa  ku isoko ry’ imiti kuva yabaho . Ni umwe mu baturage 60 bo mu bice bitandukanye baganiriye n’umunyamakuru. Muri bo, 20 gusa ni bo bemeje ko bumvise amakuru ajyanye n’imiti yabujijwe, aho abenshi muri bo ari abarimu.

Aba barimu bagaragaje impungenge ku kuba amatangazo avuga ku ikurwa  ku isoko  ry’imiti rimwe na rimwe aba ari mu cyongereza gusa, bikagora benshi kuyasobanukirwa.

Ntirenganya Lazare, Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura umutekano w’imiti no gukurikirana ingaruka zayo muri Rwanda FDA, avuga ko iyo umuti ukuwe ku isoko, amakuru atangazwa ku rubuga rwabo rwa interineti ndetse akananyuzwa kuri radiyo no mu binyamakuru. Ariko, abaturage bagaragaza ko ubu buryo bwonyine budahagije.

Ntirenganya avuga kandi ko hari ubwo hahagarikwa nimero runaka z’umuti bitavuze ko ari umuti wose uba wahagaritswe.Hashobora kandi guhagarikwa urushinge, ibinini cyangwa umuti w’amazi .  Ati “Abantu bashobora kwibeshya bakeka ko umuti wose wahagaritswe burundu, nyamara hari igihe hakurwaho gusa nimero yawo, bityo uwawubona mu yindi nimero ntasobanukiwe. Iyi myumvire itari yo ituruka ku kudakurikirana neza amatangazo atangwa.”

Abaguzi bagaragaza impungenge z’uko uku kudasobanukirwa neza bibatera urujijo bigatuma badashobora gutanga umusanzu wabo mu bikorwa bigamije gukumira ikoreshwa ry’imiti ibujijwe.

Imbogamizi mu kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza

Nubwo Rwanda FDA ifite amabwiriza asobanutse ajyanye n’ikurwa ry’imiti ku isoko, gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’ayo yose biracyafite imbogamizi.

Mu duce icumi twasuwe, tune gusa ni two byagaragaye ko twaherukaga kugenzurwa vuba. Zimwe muri farumasi zifite ibyangombwa zishobora kumara igihe zitagenzuwe byimbitse. “Baraza, bakareba bisanzwe bagahita bigendera. Hari n’ubwo bakubaza ibibazo gusa.” Uwo ni umukozi wa farumasi wo  mu murenge wa Karangazi, akarere ka Nyagatare.

Kugeza ubu, mu Rwanda hari farumasi zirenga Magana atandatu zemewe zicuruza imiti ikoreshwa n’abantu. Farumasi za leta n’izigenga zikorana na RAMA zikurikiza neza gahunda yo gukura imiti ku isoko kubera igenzura rikomeye zikorerwa, nyamara zimwe muri farumasi ziciriritse ntizubahiriza amabwiriza uko bikwiye cyangwa zikabikora gusa ku buryo butuzuye; hamwe nta raporo zibigaragaza.

Imbonerahamwe y’imirimo ya Rwanda FDA igaragaraho abagenzuzi 35. Aba bantu ntibashobora kugenzura mu buryo bwimbitse ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byo gukura imiti ku isoko kuri ziriya farumasi zose, by’umwihariko mu bice by’icyaro, kure ya Kigali.

Ku rwego rw’akarere, abashinzwe ubuzima baba bafite inshingano zo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza.  Nyamara aho umunyamakuru yageze, hatandatu ku icumi, nta cyo yabonye kigaragaza ko iryo genzura rikorwa. Ahubwo hari n’ahasanzwe farumasi zimwe zikomeza gukora igihe kinini mu  karere nta byangombwa ndetse n’abacuruza imiti mu ngo.

Iki kibazo kigaragara cyane mu turere duhana imbibi n’ibindi bihugu, nk’aka Rusizi, Nyagatare, na Burera, aho ubucuruzi butemewe bw’imiti buri no mu baturage.

Clementine Kaneza ati “Iyo hatabayeho igenzura ryimbitse bituma imiti yakuwe ku isoko iguma gucuruzwa mu buryo butemewe”.

Lazare Ntirenganya, umuyobozi  muri Rwanda FDA, yemera ko mu by’ukuri batashobora kugenzura buri kantu. Ati “Nk’ubu ku miti yinjira, ntidushobora kugenzura buri kiciro cyayo  mbere y’uko kigera ku barwayi, akenshi dufata impagararizi”.

Maniraguha, umukozi wo muri farumasi  mu karere ka Kirehe, asanga Rwanda  FDA yagira ishami ku rwego rwa buri karere. “Iyaba habagaho  abagenzuzi ku rwego rwa buri karere bidasabye ko haza abaturutse i Kigali, byatuma habaho ubugenzuzi bwimbitse”.

Ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga

Gukomeza kugurisha imiti yakuwe ku isoko bishyira ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga gakomeye. Impuguke zitanga umuburo ko gukoresha imiti itujuje ubuziranenge, imiti yabujijwe cyangwa itanditswe na muganga bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye, zirimo kuba imiti itagishoboye kuvura indwaran’ umubiri ugatakaza ubudahangarwa .

Dr. Leopold Bitunguhari, umushakashatsi mu by’ubuvuzi mu by’ubuvuzi mu bitaro bya kaminuza bya Kigali(CHUK), agaragaza ingaruka z’ imiti itujuje ubuziranenge cyangwa itanditswe na muganga agira ati “Gukoresha imiti itujuje ubuziranenge  cyangwa imiti itanditswe na muganga cyangwa kuyikoresha  nabi bishobora  gutuma indwara iyimenyera,  bikagorana kuvura uburwayi”.

Mu bice by’icyaro, aho kubona imiti igenzuwe bigoye, abarwayi baba mu kaga kurushaho. Bamwe bagura imiti ahantu hatemewe batamenye ingaruka zishobora kubaho.

Imbaraga mu gukaza iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza

Nk’uko Lazare Ntirenganya abivuga, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibiribwa n’Imiti (Rwanda FDA) kiri gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nshya zo gukemura iki kibazo. Ati “Turateganya gushyiraho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwo gukurikirana itangwa ry’imiti no gutahura abatubahiriza amabwiriza. Leta kandi irimo kongera umubare w’abakozi muri iki kigo, aho abakozi barenga 100 bashya bamaze gushyirwa mu myanya”.

Ibikorwa byo kongera ubukangurambaga na byo biri mu byibandwaho. Rwanda FDA irimo gutegura uburyo bwo gutanga amatangazo binyuze mu butumwa bugufi kuri telefone no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kugira ngo bamenyeshe abaturage imiti yahagaritswe. Lazare ati “Uburyo bwo kumenyakisha imiti yakuwe ku isoko buracyari nkene. Turimo kureba uko twakongeramo ubutumwa bwa SMS no gukoresha imbuga nka WhatsApp kugira ngo tugere ku bantu benshi”.

Nubwo izi ngamba zihari, haracyari icyuho. Nta bihano bikarishye ku barenga ku mabwiriza byigera bitangwa ndetse n’uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyura abafite za farumasi.Cyakora, kongera ubushobozi bw’igenzura no kunoza uburyo abaturage babona amakuru ni ingenzi mu kuziba icyuho.

Kuba imiti yahagaritswe itinda kuva ku isoko si  ikibazo gusa cyo kudakurikiza amabwiriza, ahubwo ni n’akarengane mu by’ubukungu. Farumasi ziciriritse zisanga mu mutego wo kugurisha imiti mu buryo butemewe kugira ngo zidahomba, mu gihe ibigo binini byo bifite ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amabwiriza. Abaguzi, cyane cyane abatuye mu byaro, bakomeza kwisanga mu kaga ko gukoresha imiti itizewe.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, birasaba gushyira imbaraga mu kwihutisha kwishyura za farumasi  imiti yahagaritswe, gukaza ubugenzuzi bw’iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza no gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwagutse mu gihe habayeho ihagarikwa ku isoko ry’umuti. Cyakora, Ntirenganya Lazare, Umuyobozi muri Rwanda FDA, asanga hakwiye kubaho no guhuza imbaraga kw’inzego ndetse n’abanyarwanda bose mu kurwanya ko imiti yaciwe iguma ku isoko.

Niba ibyo bidakozwe, abaturage bazakomeza kuba mu kaga, naho abadandaza imiti bagume guhangana n’ihurizo ryo guhitamo hagati yo gukurikiza amategeko no gukomeza kubaho mu buryo bw’ubukungu.

Telesphore KABERUKA